Are all recruitment agencies the same?

I previously worked in Talent Acquisition for a single company, and while it was a satisfying role overall, I did encounter some personal and cultural challenges along the way. When I had the chance to join a consulting firm as a headhunter, I decided to take the plunge and see what agency life was like.

Unfortunately, it was a nightmare experience. The focus was predominantly on numbers rather than building genuine connections with people. We were expected to conduct 30 phone screenings per week—even when there were no active job openings. Our goal was to send out messages on LinkedIn to generate at least one candidate a day to present, despite lacking any live roles to discuss. Essentially, we were directed to mislead candidates into thinking we might eventually be able to present them to clients for job opportunities.

Another frustrating aspect was management’s expectation to recruit for positions that weren’t officially open yet and were merely in negotiation. We would find candidates, pitch them, and often the clients wouldn’t finalize the placement, leaving us feeling like our efforts were wasted.

This agency also had the practice of taking on new clients without a retainer. We would recruit for them, and they’d only pay us after a hire—resulting in a high likelihood that they would pursue candidates on their own instead of working through us.

Going to work felt awful because I was often compelled to mislead candidates. If I failed to meet my quotas, I would be subjected to “productivity calls” from management, which was stressful and made it hard to justify staying in that environment.

I’ve since returned to internal recruitment, which has been much more relaxed. So, my question is: are all recruitment agencies like this, or was I just unlucky? I want to avoid ending up in a similar situation again, especially since every role and company looks great during the interview process.

Thanks for your insights!

EDIT: I also want to mention that the pay was disappointing. I’m from Brazil, and my role was for a Canadian firm, which often seeks to minimize expenses. The commission for my work was extremely low—around 0.028% of the deal—which I found shocking. Meanwhile, a Canadian colleague mentioned her commission was enough to buy an Apple Watch, while mine barely covered the price of a nice pizza. Is this typical in North America?